Tag: Family and Friends

Perspective, Poetry, Poland - Polish - Polonia, , , , , ,

Dr. John Guzlowski – out, about, and reflecting

It is great to see John well on the road to recovery and writing. Two recent posts for your reading pleasure:

Charles Simic and Me: DP Poets

I got an email yesterday from a friend. He asked me what I thought about Charles Simic. He’s a poet that some of you might have heard of. He was the poet laureate of the US a couple of years ago. I think my friend was asking me about him because he figured that Charles Simic and I shared some history. We both came to the US after the war as Displaced Persons, refugees…

A really interesting reflection, and followed by a selection from Charles Simic and a new poem by Dr. Guzlowski, “A Dog Will.”

And for Father’s Day: Father’s Day

My father didn’t teach me to fish or play ball or paint a fence or drive a car. He couldn’t do any of those things. He was an orphan who worked on his aunt’s farm in Poland until the Nazis came and took him to a concentration camp. When he got to America after the war, he was too busy working to do much of anything else…

Also, compare and contrast to: My Father’s Gift to Me by Nicholas Kristof from the NY Times.

When I was 12, my father came and spoke to my seventh-grade class. I remember feeling proud, for my rural school was impressed by a visit from a university professor. But I also recall being embarrassed —” at my dad’s strong Slavic accent, at his refugee origins, at his —differentness.—

PNCC, , , ,

Another tribute to Ś.P. Walter Lasinski

From Fr. Randy Calvo of Holy Name of Jesus Parish in South Deerfield, MA: A Free Church

On May 27th a friend of mine and a dedicated historian of our church denomination passed away. His name was Walter Lasinski. He had visited our parish here in South Deerfield on several occasions over the years, always with his beloved wife Florence. His last visit was on May 31, 2008 when we hosted a talk by the local author Suzanne Stempek Shea. Mr. Lasinski would travel throughout our denomination to attend events that interested him about history, literature and music. When he was here, he took pictures of our church and cemetery for the extensive files that he maintained and constantly updated about all of our parishes. He even photographed the then-named St. Stanislaus Roman Catholic Church in South Deerfield since that was the parish from which we emerged in 1929. If Mr. Lasinski was anything, it was thorough.

He devoted much of his life to our church, and that only became more true after his retirement. Many of his vacations were planned around seminars and his historical inquiries. No one could make better use of a business card than he could. With his card as a church historian in hand, his extensive knowledge of our religious history, an amazing memory and gift for gab, doors opened.

He absolutely loved the original ideals of this church. He saw in them the emancipation of mind and soul, and an entire generation of immigrant believers. He always maintained a profound admiration for Bp. Hodur and a respect for those early generations who built this church with him. He wasn’t a cheerleader for the church, shouting her praises no matter what. He respected what the church was, what it could be, and also took the time to compliment a parish or a person when they did something good for the church in the present.

He worshipped in many places, in many churches. He knew clergy of various denominations, and he knew just about all of the priests of our church. In our frequent phone conversations if I mentioned a priest or a parishioner from anywhere, I would invariably hear in reply, —Oh yes, so-and-so is a good friend of mine.— I would also wager that he had visited every parish of our church at one time or another.

I am certain that I am not alone in benefitting from Mr. Lasinski’s voracious reading of newspapers, periodicals, church pamphlets, religious publications and most recently of the internet. If there was anything that he thought any of us should know, out came the scissors and tape to make articles fit neatly on a regular sheet of paper, and off they were mailed to us, always in a neat folder, always with his return mailing address attached so that we would remember from whence it came. I do not know how many such pertinent gems Mr. Lasinski mailed me over the years, but they were always appreciated.

One article that he did not need to mail me was written anonymously by him and printed in God’s Field on September 4, 1993. There he writes:

In any research project in which you are reviewing page upon page of printed materials, looking for key events or facts in a person’s life that would be worthy of historical interest today, certain words or phrases, at times extraneous to the topic at hand, keep coming to the fore through constant repetition. … The word that appears constantly throughout the Polish texts in the pages of Rola Boza and Straz is wolny (free) and it always precedes the name of the church … as though it is an integral, inseparable part of the name of the Polish National Catholic Church.—

I share this selection of his with you during this month of Independence Day. I believe Mr. Lasinski was the first to point out to me that Fr. Hodur waited until the Fourth of July to bless the cornerstone of his church in Scranton. This reinforced the idea that by nature and design we are a —free— church.

Mr. Lasinski would work all day long at Scranton’s archives and sleep at the Seminary to save himself and the church money, and there, back in the day, we would share a beer at the end of the day. I hope to raise another glass with him again some day, but until then, may he rest in peace, and may he always be remembered for his good work.

A fitting tribute to Ś.P. Walter and also his co-workers who have passed before us.

They believed in a Church that was both Catholic and free. They belonged to the Church that espoused Scripture and Holy Tradition in combination with the gifts of freedom and culture which God provides to every nation and people. They knew that the Church’s lay members could and should have a voice and a vote over the resources they contributed to found and support the Church, and that no one could take the Church from them. They followed behind Bishop Hodur, in the Apostolic line, who followed Christ as our ultimate leader, teacher, and guide. They were the ones who stood firm against the whims of men for a Church that is Catholic in opposition to whatever current trends or popularity dictate. They were firm in adherence to the Catholic Church and its teachings, to the sacred ministry that cannot be changed by men who think they know better/more than the Church. They knew that freedom is not license to change the Church – and indeed why we did not melt away into just another Protestant sect changing with the breeze. May it ever be so.

Christian Witness, PNCC, , , ,

Valuing children with autism in worship

From the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette: More congregations structure services for children with autism

Some great insights and a shout out to All Saints PNCC in Carnegie, PA.

May 23–Children ran happily up the aisle of Our Redeemer Lutheran Church in Peters, oblivious to the pastors and teachers who greeted them. The adults weren’t offended, though — they recognized the inability of those on the autism spectrum to recognize social cues.

They had come for Joyful Noise, a service held at 1 p.m. on the second Sunday of each month and designed for families in which someone has autism. The service is short and structured, with traditional prayers and opportunities to play rhythm instruments. No one minds if someone squeals during prayer or walks away during a sermon delivered by animal puppets.

“Our goal is to give them the message that Jesus loves you, and make church a comfortable, welcoming place,” said the Rev. Ann Schmid, senior pastor of Our Redeemer, a congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

From Joyful Noise to efforts to help synagogues integrate autistic students into Hebrew School, Pittsburgh is home to pioneering efforts at religious outreach to those on the autism spectrum. A Catholic religious-education program developed at one South Hills parish has become a national model.

“Everybody has the right to be part of our faith. We have a responsibility to include everyone,” said Deacon Larry Sutton, a psychologist and manager of the state Bureau of Autism for Western Pennsylvania, who developed the catechism program at Our Lady of Grace in Scott.

People with autism range from those who can’t speak to brilliant, articulate people who are devoid of social skills and obsessed with certain topics. What they have in common, Deacon Sutton said, is difficulty in processing information, sensory stimulation and social cues.

“All that I learned about welcoming children with autism into the congregation, I initially learned from the Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh,” said former Pennsylvania first lady Ginny Thornburgh, director of the Interfaith Initiative at the American Association of People with Disabilities in Washington, D.C.

Diocesan advocates taught her to bring those with autism into the worship space when it’s empty, to prepare them for a future service. The diocese published a picture book, “We Go to Mass,” to guide them through worship. Ms. Thornburgh encourages Muslims, Hindus and others to make similar books

She tells all of them that people with autism bring gifts, and should be welcomed as musicians, office helpers and other types of volunteers.

“I gave a speech once and a woman on the autism spectrum said to me, ‘I don’t want to be welcomed. I want to be valued,’ ” Ms. Thornburgh said.

The Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh developed a “Best Practices Guide for Including Students with Disabilities,” with a section on autism, and sent it to every parish. Its many recommendations include constructive ways to respond quickly to potentially disruptive behavior.

It takes only one bad experience to drive a family away.

When Tina Brown moved to Scott four years ago with her autistic son, John, then 4, they attended one Mass at nearby SS. Simon & Jude. The loud music made John cry, so she took him to a vestibule. A priest who spoke to them there “told us I should look elsewhere for another parish,” she said.

Four generations of her extended family now attend All Saints Polish National Catholic Church in Carnegie, where she said the priest told them, “If people can’t handle children crying, they don’t belong in my church…”

Elliot Frank, chairman of the Advisory Board on Autism and Related Disorders, is always surprised when he hears of difficulties at worship. He believes that some parents are unnecessarily embarrassed by behavior that others are willing to accept.

His son, who has Asperger’s Syndrome, received individualized instruction at Temple Ohav Shalom in McCandless. At 13 he had a normal Bar Mitzvah, where the only sign of his disability was what he said in his Bar Mitzvah speech.

“He talked about how with autism he had to work to communicate with people, and Moses had to work to communicate with God. So he made a connection between himself and Moses,” Mr. Frank said.

Rabbi Art Donsky said Temple Ohav Shalom’s previous director of lifelong learning sought assistance from the Agency for Jewish Learning in Squirrel Hill, which offers advocacy and training to help synagogues serve students with special needs. Ohav Shalom also tied into “wrap-around” programs from seven school districts that provide aides to help autistic students outside of school.

After class at Our Lady of Grace, Ms. Cicconi takes her sons into the empty church. They have tried to attend Mass from a “quiet room,” but once the music swells, Gus can’t tolerate it.

“At this point we are barely making it through the entrance hymn. We are making tiny, tiny steps. The point for me is to get them into a consistent habit of going to church on Sunday,” she said.

That was why she helped Our Redeemer to start Joyful Noise. Both boys attended the Lutheran church’s Noah’s Ark preschool, which has an 18-year history of welcoming children on the autism spectrum. The 30-minute service averages about 15 worshipers.

A church member made prayer shawls with weights in the hem because it calms some autistic children to be wrapped in something heavy. All have buttons or fringe that the children can twist.

Sheila and Gary Coquet of Peters attend with their sons Chase, 5, who has autism, and Grayson, 3, who doesn’t. They are grateful to worship without worrying what other people think of them.

Chase’s favorite song is “Puff the Magic Dragon.” One Sunday, in the middle of Joyful Noise, he began demanding to hear it.

“He was fixated on it and couldn’t get off of it,” his mother said. Instead of ignoring him or expecting his parents to silence him, music director Mary Helen Barr realized the nature of his obsession and played a verse of “Puff.” That allowed Chase to calm down and focus on the service.

“It’s so nice not to be embarrassed,” Mr. Coquet said.

Joyful Noise is timed so families can also attend their own churches. The bulletin invites participants to follow their own traditions, whether that means crossing themselves or praying with arms raised.

“We’re not doing this so more people become Lutheran,” said the Rev. Steven Broome, the associate pastor. “We’re doing it so people have a place that’s welcoming and safe.”

Events, Poland - Polish - Polonia, , , , , , , , ,

Upcoming Capital Region events

This weekend: 2010 Annual Armenian Festival at St. Peter’s Armenian Apostolic Church, 100 Troy-Schenectady Road, Watervliet, New York on Saturday, June 12, 4:00 to 8:00 p.m. and Sunday, June 13, 12:00 noon to 4:00 p.m.

This year’s Festival will again be held for two days on the church grounds of St. Peter Armenian Church located on a majestic hilltop overlooking the city of Troy. Join our Saturday night Tavloo (Backgammon) Tournament: 4:30 P.M. $15 Registration Fee. Sunday afternoon free Armenian dance lessons will be offered. A local DJ will provide Armenian and Middle-Eastern music for dancing and listening enjoyment. Amusement rides as well as pony rides and games will be available for the children. Dinner & Ala Carte Menu (subject to change) including Kebab Medley Dinner: $15; Lamb Kebab Dinner: $13; Chicken Kebab Dinner: $11; Kid’s Meal: $5 (includes one hot dog, pilaf and tossed salad); Lahmejune: $3.00 each; Pilaf: $3.00 serving; and Cheese Beoreg: $3.00 serving.

The bakery will offer an array of Armenian pastries and homemade baked goods including paklava, cheoreg, simit, kadayif, boorma, kurabia as well as a variety of cookies, brownies, cakes and pies all sold at ala carte prices.

For more information, contact the St. Peter Church Office at (518) 274-3673.

At the Polish Community Center, 225 Washington Ave Ext, Albany NY

Friday, June 11: Polish-American buffet 4-8pm
Sunday, June 13: Jimmy Sturr Annual Polka Ball 3-7pm. Polish-American kitchen open as well as cash bar with variety of imported Polish beers!
Sunday, June 20: USA Ballroom Dance 6pm
Saturday, June 26: Mystery Dinner Theater 6pm

For more information, please contact the PCC at 518-456-3995.

Saturday, July 3, 2010: Bus trip to a Yankees Game! NY Yankees vs. Toronto Blue Jays. Leaving the PCC at 8:15 am, returning directly after the game (1:05 pm game time). Cost is $85 for PCC members, $90 for non-members. Price includes game ticket and round trip charter bus service. Seats in section 207 (main level). Contact Susan Matala at 518-355-7981 or by E-mail.

Christian Witness, PNCC, Poland - Polish - Polonia, , ,

With deepest sadness…

I was informed of the passing into eternal life of friend, mentor, guide, an personal hero, Ś+P Mr. Walter Lasinski, yesterday evening.

Ś.P. Mr. Lasinski was a prominent PNCC historian, contributor to PNCC Studies, author, researcher, member of the Polish American Historical Association and recipient of its 1991 Distinguished Service Award, as well as a member of the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences of America. He was also an avid lover of music and contributed to the work of the Polish Music Reference Center at the University of Southern California.

The first time I met Ś.P. Mr. Lasinski, and his wife Florence, was at PolishFest when I was assigned to the Blessed Virgin Mary of Częstochowa Parish in Latham, New York. He walked in, resolute, and told me that he had made the trip to meet me. Needless to say, I didn’t get it.

He went on to explain that he was a big advocate of this blog and of what I was doing to advance knowledge of the PNCC. The next thing he told me was that he was proud to reply, when asked, Kto jesteś? “Narodowiec!” Who are you? “[A] National!” With a few words he captivated me, helping me to understand what I was a part of. It was not just church, but Church in its fullest sense, a community of believers joined in every aspect of their lives, and joined with history.

Beyond his work in the PNCC, Ś.P. Mr. Lasinski contributed greatly to Polonia. He understood our ethnic community as only a historian could. He saw the deep connection the PNCC holds with the Orthodox, being a subscriber to the events and activities at St. Vladimir’s Orthodox Seminary in Crestwood, New York, frequently encouraging me to “go there.” His research led him down many interesting paths, particularly to the out of the ordinary threads in Polonian history – the Polish Methodists of Greenpoint, Polish Baptists in Buffalo, the lesser known closed parishes of the PNCC, the kind of things lost to history but for fine researchers like himself.

I am deeply saddened by this loss, but with faith know that Ś.P. Walter is now standing with Ś.P. Bishop Hodur, looking down over the children of the PNCC, as we continue to work and struggle always in truth. The victory is now his.

A wake will be held at Fryczynski & Sons Funeral Home, 32-34 22nd Street, Bayonne, NJ 07002 on Tuesday, June 1st from 2-4 pm & 7-9 pm

A Funeral Holy Mass will be held at Sacred Heart of Jesus PNCC, 290 Avenue E, Bayonne, NJ 07002 on Wednesday, June 2nd at 10am. Internment at Heart of Jesus Cemetery immediately following Holy Mass.

I beg of you, my readers, your prayers for Ś.P. Walter’s eternal rest, and for comfort for his wife, sons, larger family, friends, and colleagues.

Eternal rest grant unto him O Lord and may the perpetual light shine upon him.
Eternal rest grant unto him O Lord and may the perpetual light shine upon him.
Eternal rest grant unto him O Lord and may the perpetual light shine upon him.
May his soul and the souls of all the faithful departed rest in peace. Amen.

Wieczne odpoczynek racz mu dać Panie, a światłość wiekuista niechaj mu świeci.
Wieczne odpoczynek racz mu dać Panie, a światłość wiekuista niechaj mu świeci.
Wieczne odpoczynek racz mu dać Panie, a światłość wiekuista niechaj mu świeci.
Niech odpoczywa w pokoju, Amen.

[audio:https://konicki.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/02/07-tyle-lat.mp3]
Christian Witness, Perspective, Political, , , , , ,

Arizona’s Immigration Bill is a Social and Racial Sin

From Jim Wallis via Sojourners.

For the first time, all law enforcement officers in the state will be enlisted to hunt down undocumented people, which will clearly distract them from going after truly violent criminals, and will focus them on mostly harmless families whose work supports the economy and who contribute to their communities. And do you think undocumented parents will now go to the police if their daughter is raped or their family becomes a victim of violent crime? Maybe that’s why the state association of police chiefs is against SB 1070.

This proposed law is not only mean-spirited —” it will be ineffective and will only serve to further divide communities in Arizona, making everyone more fearful and less safe. This radical new measure, which crosses many moral and legal lines, is a clear demonstration of the fundamental mistake of separating enforcement from comprehensive immigration reform. We all want to live in a nation of laws, and the immigration system in the U.S. is so broken that it is serving no one well. But enforcement without reform of the system is merely cruel. Enforcement without compassion is immoral. Enforcement that breaks up families is unacceptable. And enforcement of this law would force us to violate our Christian conscience, which we simply will not do. It makes it illegal to love your neighbor in Arizona.

Before the rally and press event, I visited some immigrant families who work at Neighborhood Ministries, an impressive community organization affiliated with Sojourners’ friends at the Christian Community Development Association. I met a group of women who were frightened by the raids that have been occurring, in which armed men invade their homes and neighborhoods with guns and helicopters. When the rumors of massive raids spread, many of these people flee both their homes and their workplaces, and head for The Church at The Neighborhood Center as the only place they feel safe and secure. But will police invade the churches if they are suspected of —harboring— undocumented people, because it is the law? Will the nurse practitioner I met at their medical clinic serving only uninsured people be arrested for being —with— the children of families who are here illegally as she treats them?

At the rally, I started with the words of Jesus (which drew cheers from the crowd gathered at the state Capitol), who instructed his disciples to —welcome the stranger,— and said that whatever we do to —the least of these, who are members of my family— we do to him. I think that means that to obey Jesus and his gospel will mean to disobey SB 1070 in Arizona. I looked at the governor’s Executive Tower and promised that many Christians in Arizona won’t comply with this law because the people they will target will be members of our —family— in the body of Christ. And any attack against them is an attack against us, and the One we follow.

Catholic Cardinal Roger Mahony of Los Angeles just called this Arizona measure —the country’s most retrogressive, mean-spirited, and useless immigration law.— On CNN, I defended the Cardinal’s comments, which likened the requirement of people always carrying their —papers— to the most oppressive regimes of Nazism and Communism. I wonder whether the tea party movement that rails against government intrusion will rail against this law, or whether those who resist the forced government registration of their guns will resist the forced government requirement that immigrants must always carry their documentation. Will the true conservatives please stand up here? We are all waiting.

Arizona’s SB 1070 must be named as a social and racial sin, and should be denounced as such by people of faith and conscience across the nation. This is not just about Arizona, but about all of us, and about what kind of country we want to be. It’s time to stand up to this new strategy of —deportation by attrition,— which I heard for the first time today in Arizona. It is a policy of deliberate political cruelty, and it should be remembered that —attrition— is a term of war. Arizona is deciding whether to wage war on the body of Christ. We should say that if you come after one part of the body, you come after all of us.

Jim Wallis is the author of Rediscovering Values: On Wall Street, Main Street, and Your Street —” A Moral Compass for the New Economy, and is CEO of Sojourners.

I was also interested in the events over in Congress today. The people who run Facebook got a dressing down, with members of Congress telling them how they should run their company. You must use opt-in rather than opt-out or some such nonsense. The sorry truth is that government uses its legislative powers to do what appears to be good at the time (in their minds), and in the process wrecks everything. Facebook has a bad security/privacy model — the market will decide. I want to have a cervezas with José and Maria after church on Sunday, — do not associate with them or we will arrest you (Constitution, free association and free exercise be damned). Don’t pack your chips or pretzels with salt — because we assume Americans and the free market are too stupid, lazy, and overweight to know better. We need a nanny. Don’t eat Foie gras, don’t use trans fats, but go ahead corporate America, pour in as much high fructose corn syrup as possible… no problem there.

Actually, good on Arizona. When their restaurants have to pay fair, or at least minimum wages and overtime to white boys and girls for cutting vegetables and running the dishwasher, when uncle Henry and aunt Jane have to trim their own cactus, when Union carpenters move in to do the framing work on all those senior housing developments, then they’ll get it. Following laws will be a 100% full time job for Arizonans. Just follow the law, and your dinner out will double in price, and your buy-in for a place at Sun City (assessment fees, capital contribution costs, original housing cost) will double; all because José and Maria aren’t doing it for next to nothing anymore. You’ll be paying Brandy and Todd instead, and they won’t take your crap, they’ll walk out or strike. Oh, and don’t forget about the sales and property tax increases, because a big segment of your society isn’t earning or spending in Arizona anymore. At least you won’t have to look at those odd Catholic foreigners, those scary people and their scary brown children (they’re all the same aren’t they???).

But, you want it both ways don’t you?

Unfortunately, the worst laws are those quickly enacted to make a point. They create a country where we are free to be fat, lazy, cheap, and protected because someone had an idea and made a point. Whatever happened to building things with our ideas? Now we just write laws for the sake of laws. We use ideas as fodder for the word-processing programs that enshrine law over and above all else, and most particularly over the Law that tells us we are free.

Perspective, ,

Some people have a lot of class, and they deserve thanks

My son now has orthodontia. One of the keys to successful treatment is really good oral hygiene. His orthodontist, Dr. Michael Parker (I’d very highly recommend him to anyone in the Albany area) suggested that for flossing he use a new product called the Platypus flosser. These are similar to flossers you can find in a drugstore etc, but they are molded differently so as to fit under the orthodontia. It is really quite inventive and easy to use.

In any event, the doctor gave us a sample and a website for ordering. The Platypus is not available in retail stores. I went on-line to order and… well… I could say pricy, but that would be an understatement. A bag of 25 is $13.95. That’s $0.558 per flossing experience.

Being the good dad, and wanting success for my son, I proceeded to order the flossers, taking advantage of a ‘two free bags when you order ten’ offer. That brought the per unit price down a little. In the midst of ordering I did become a bit incensed at the price and let the company know in the order for comment box. My statement basically indicated that they were overpriced for a piece of moulded plastic, that I didn’t like the price, and that I was ordering because there were no alternatives.

The shipment came today. Included therein was a 10% off coupon for my next order, and here’s the classy part, a personal note from Jessie Sturgis, their Marketing Coordinator. Needless to say, it was a very kind note, expressed understanding of my position, and indicated a commitment to lower prices once production picks up and they enter the retail market.

Ms. Sturgis, thank you for the time you took to speak to a customer and to understand the customer’s point-of-view. With that sort of class your company will go far.

Poland - Polish - Polonia, Political, , ,

What is Eastern Europe

From The Economist: Wrongly labelled: The economic downturn has made it harder to speak sensibly of a region called —eastern Europe—

IT WAS never a very coherent idea and it is becoming a damaging one. —Eastern Europe— is a geographical oddity that includes the Czech Republic (in the middle of the continent) but not Greece or Cyprus (supposedly —western— Europe but in the far south-east). It makes little sense historically either: it includes countries (like Ukraine) that were under the heel of the Soviet empire for decades and those (Albania, say) that only brushed it. Some of those countries had harsh planned economies; others had their own version of —goulash communism— (Hungary) or —self-managed socialism— (Yugoslavia).

Already unreliable in 1989, the label has stretched to meaninglessness as those countries’ fortunes have diverged since the collapse of communism. The nearly 30 states that once, either under their own names or as part of somewhere else, bore the label —communist— now have more differences than similarities. Yet calling them —eastern Europe— suggests not only a common fate under totalitarian rule, but a host of ills that go with it: a troubled history then; bad government and economic misery now.

The economic downturn has shown how misleading this is. Worries about —contagion— from the banking crisis in Latvia raised risk premiums in otherwise solid economies such as Poland and the Czech Republic—”a nonsense based on outsiders’ perceptions of other outsiders’ fears. In fact, the continent’s biggest financial upheaval is in Iceland (see article, article), and the biggest forecast budget deficits in the European Union next year will not be in some basket-cases from the ex-communist —east— but in Britain and in Greece. The new government in Athens is grappling with a budget deficit of at least 12.7% of GDP and possibly as much as 14.5%. European Commission officials are discussing that in Greece this week…

Of course Eastern Europe was always a political construct arising from a natavist world view coupled with anti-communist politics of the Cold War. Geographically, the center of Europe is in Lithuania, and Poland is resolutely in the middle of Central Europe.

It is also interesting to note that several Cold War constructs still prevail. Poles are the last “Eastern Europeans” who need a visa to travel to the United States, and at a prohibitive cost at that. Also, there is still a lack of degree equivalency so that Poles coming to the U.S., as doctors, dentists, and in other professions, must finance a whole second education. All of this is what’s left of an unfortunate history, one, as the article suggests, that we must get beyond.